Patha zaka khumi kuchokera pamene "Belt and Road" Initiative idakhazikitsidwa koyamba mu 2013. M'zaka 10 zapitazi, China, monga woyambitsa komanso wochita nawo mbali yofunika, yakwaniritsa chitukuko chapamwamba kwambiri ndi mayiko omwe amamanga nawo mgwirizano, ndipo makampani amagalimoto, monga gawo la dongosololi, apezanso chitukuko chofulumira panjira yopita padziko lonse lapansi.
"The Belt and Road" Initiative, yomwe ndi Silk Road Economic Belt ndi 21st Century Maritime Silk Road. Njirayi ikukhudza maiko opitilira 100 ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi ku Asia, Africa, Europe ndi Latin America, ndipo imakhudza kwambiri malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, ndalama komanso kusinthana kwa chikhalidwe.
Zaka 10 ndi chiyambi chabe, ndipo tsopano ndi chiyambi chatsopano, ndipo ndi mwayi wotani umene udzatsegulidwe kuti magalimoto amtundu waku China apite kutsidya kwa nyanja ndi "Belt and Road" ndizomwe timakonda kwambiri.
Ganizirani za madera otsatirawa panjira
Magalimoto ndi zida zofunika kwambiri pakumanga ndi chitukuko cha zachuma, ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa "Belt and Road" Initiative. Ngakhale kuti mayiko ambiri omwe amamangidwa pamodzi ndi "Belt and Road" Initiative ndi a mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, chitukuko cha makampani opanga magalimoto ndi otsika kwambiri, ndipo magalimoto amtundu wa China ali ndi ubwino waukulu pakupanga mphamvu, ntchito komanso mtengo wake. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zasintha kwambiri pakutumiza kunja kunja.
Malinga ndi zofunikira za General Administration of Customs, chaka cha 2019 chisanafike, kutumizidwa kwa magalimoto olemera kunali kokhazikika pamagalimoto pafupifupi 80,000-90,000, ndipo mu 2020, zovuta za mliri zidatsika kwambiri. Mu 2021, kutumiza kunja kwa magalimoto olemera kunakwera mpaka magalimoto 140,000, kuwonjezeka kwa 79.6% pachaka, ndipo mu 2022, kuchuluka kwa malonda kunapitilira kukwera mpaka magalimoto 190,000, kuwonjezeka kwa 35,4% pachaka. Zogulitsa zogulitsa kunja kwa magalimoto olemera zafika mayunitsi 157,000, kuwonjezeka kwa 111.8% pachaka, zomwe zikuyembekezeka kufika pamlingo watsopano.
Malinga ndi gawo la msika mu 2022, kuchuluka kwa malonda a msika waku Asia wamagalimoto onyamula katundu adafika mpaka mayunitsi 66,500, pomwe Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia, Uzbekistan, Mongolia ndi ogulitsa ena akuluakulu ku China.
Msika waku Africa udakhala wachiwiri, ndikutumiza kunja kwa magalimoto opitilira 50,000, omwe Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Congo, South Africa ndi misika ina yayikulu.
Ngakhale msika waku Europe ndi wocheperako poyerekeza ndi misika yaku Asia ndi Africa, ikuwonetsa kukula mwachangu. Kuphatikiza pa Russia yomwe idakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zapadera, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto olemera omwe amatumizidwa kuchokera ku China ndi mayiko ena aku Europe osapatula Russia adakweranso kuchokera ku mayunitsi pafupifupi 1,000 mu 2022 mpaka mayunitsi 14,200 chaka chatha, kuchuluka kwa nthawi pafupifupi 11.8, pomwe Germany, Belgium. , Netherlands ndi misika ina yayikulu. Izi makamaka zimachokera ku kulimbikitsa kwa "Belt and Road" Initiative, yomwe yalimbitsa mgwirizano wachuma ndi malonda pakati pa China ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya.
Kuphatikiza apo, mu 2022, China idatumiza magalimoto olemera 12,979 ku South America, zomwe zidatenga 61.3% yazogulitsa zonse ku America, ndipo msika udawonetsa kukula kokhazikika.
Kuphatikizidwa, zidziwitso zazikulu zamagalimoto onyamula katundu ku China zikuwonetsa izi: "Belt and Road" Initiative imapereka mwayi wochulukirapo kwa magalimoto onyamula katundu aku China, makamaka motsogozedwa ndi kufunikira kwa mayiko omwe ali m'njira, magalimoto olemera aku China adakula mwachangu. ; Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwachangu kwa msika waku Europe kumaperekanso mwayi kwa magalimoto olemera aku China kuti akulitse msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
M'tsogolomu, ndi kukwezedwa mozama kwa "Belt and Road" Initiative komanso kuwongolera mosalekeza kwa magalimoto olemera aku China, zikuyembekezeka kuti katundu wonyamula katundu waku China apitilizabe kukula.
Malinga ndi zaka 10 zotumiza kunja kwa magalimoto aku China komanso njira yachitukuko ndi mwayi wamtsogolo wa "Belt and Road" Initiative, zotsatirazi ndikuwunika momwe magalimoto aku China amayendera kutsidya lanyanja:
1. Njira yotumizira magalimoto: Ndi chitukuko chakuya cha "Belt ndi Road", kutumiza magalimoto kudzakhalabe imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zotumizira kunja kwa galimoto ku China. Komabe, poganizira zamitundumitundu komanso zovuta zamisika yakunja, mabizinesi aku China amagalimoto amafunikira mosalekeza kuwongolera komanso kusinthika kwazinthu, ndikukulitsa luso lantchito zogulitsa pambuyo pogulitsa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zamayiko ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
2. Kumanga minda ya kunja ndi kamangidwe ka malonda: Ndikukula kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko ndi zigawo zomwe zili pafupi ndi "Belt and Road", mabizinesi agalimoto aku China atha kuzindikira momwe ntchito yawo ikugwirira ntchito poika ndalama m'makampani akumaloko ndikukhazikitsa njira zotsatsira. Mwanjira imeneyi, tingathe kusintha bwino msika wa msika, kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wamsika, komanso kusangalala ndi ubwino ndi chithandizo cha ndondomeko zakomweko.
3. Tsatirani kutumizidwa kunja kwa ntchito zazikulu za dziko: Pansi pa kukwezedwa kwa "Belt and Road", ntchito zazikulu zomanga zomangamanga zidzafika kutsidya la nyanja. Makampani amagalimoto aku China atha kugwirizana ndi makampani omangawa kuti atsatire ntchitoyi mpaka kunyanja ndikupereka ntchito zoyendera. Izi zitha kukwaniritsa kutumizidwa kunja kwa magalimoto, komanso kuonetsetsa chitukuko chokhazikika chamakampani.
4. Pitani kutsidya lanyanja kudzera munjira zamalonda: Ndikukula kwa mgwirizano wamalonda pakati pa mayiko ndi zigawo zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa "Belt and Road", mabizinesi aku China amatha kupereka ntchito zolozera malire kudzera m'mgwirizano ndi mabizinesi am'deralo komanso mabizinesi apakompyuta. Nthawi yomweyo, imathanso kukulitsa chidziwitso chamtundu ndi chikoka potenga nawo gawo pazowonetsa zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi njira zina zopangira mwayi wopita kutsidya kwa nyanja.
Nthawi zambiri, machitidwe amagalimoto aku China omwe amapita kutsidya kwa nyanja adzakhala osiyanasiyana komanso akumaloko, ndipo mabizinesi amayenera kusankha njira yoyenera yotumizira kunja malinga ndi momwe alili komanso njira yachitukuko. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pansi pa kukwezedwa kwa "Belt and Road", mabizinesi aku China adzabweretsa mipata yambiri yachitukuko ndi zovuta, ndipo ayenera kupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wawo ndi mayiko ena.
Mu Seputembala chaka chino, atsogoleri amakampani aku China Automobile Group adayamba ulendo wopita kumayiko aku Middle East, ndicholinga chokulitsa mgwirizano, kulimbikitsa kusaina ntchito zamaluso, komanso kulimbikitsa kusinthanitsa ntchito zomanga fakitale. Kusunthaku kukuwonetsa bwino gulu lamagalimoto lotsogozedwa ndi Shaanxi Automobile limawona kufunikira kwakukulu ndipo ali ndi chidwi chofuna kupeza mwayi watsopano pamsika wa "Belt and Road".
M'maulendo akumunda, amamvetsetsa mozama za zosowa ndi zomwe zikuchitika pamsika wa Middle East, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti atsogoleri a gululi amazindikira kuti msika waku Middle East uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu komanso chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko pansi pa " Belt and Road” Initiative. Chifukwa chake, amakonza mwachangu, kudzera m'mafakitale ndi njira zina zopititsira patsogolo kukopa kwamtundu ndi mpikisano, kuti makampani amagalimoto aku China pamsika waku Middle East awonjezere mphamvu zatsopano.
"Belt ndi Road" yalowa m'nthawi yatsopano, yomwe ikuyenera kubweretsa mwayi wopititsa patsogolo magalimoto otumiza kunja, koma tiyeneranso kuzindikira momveka bwino kuti zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi ndizovuta komanso zosinthika, ndipo pakadali chipinda chachikulu chowongolera. Mtundu wamagalimoto aku China ndi ntchito.
Tikukhulupirira kuti kuti tigwiritse ntchito bwino zenera latsopanoli lachitukuko, tiyenera kulabadira mbali zotsatirazi.
1. Samalani kusintha kwa zochitika zapadziko lonse: Zomwe zikuchitika padziko lonse lapansi zili ndi zokayikitsa komanso zosinthika, monga nkhondo ya Russia-Ukraine komanso kuwonjezeka kwa mikangano m'mayiko a Middle East. Kusintha kwa ndale kumeneku kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa katundu wolemera wa magalimoto kunja, kotero mabizinesi aku China amagalimoto olemera amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa zochitika zapadziko lonse ndikusintha njira zotumizira kunja panthawi yake kuti achepetse zoopsa zomwe zingatheke.
2. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ndi kugulitsa nthawi imodzi: Pofuna kupewa maphunziro owopsa a zotumiza kunja kwa njinga zamoto ku Vietnam, mabizinesi aku China amagalimoto olemera amayenera kukulitsa malonda pomwe akuyang'ana kwambiri pakukweza ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo kulimbikitsa kutsatiridwa kwa ntchito zogulitsa pambuyo pa malonda, kupereka chithandizo chamakono cha panthawi yake komanso chaukadaulo, komanso kumanga ubale wapamtima ndi ogulitsa am'deralo ndi othandizira kuti akweze mbiri yamtundu komanso kukhutitsidwa kwamakasitomala.
3. Pangani mwachangu ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe agalimoto m'misika yakunja: Kuti akwaniritse bwino msika wamayiko ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, mabizinesi aku China amagalimoto olemera amayenera kupanga mwachangu ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe agalimoto m'misika yakunja. Shaanxi Automobile X5000, mwachitsanzo, imaganizira zofunikira za mayendedwe a dera la Urumqi. Mabizinesi akuyenera kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe msika ukufunika, kafukufuku womwe akuwunikiridwa ndi chitukuko komanso kukonza zinthu kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zenizeni za msika wamba.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito bwino mayendedwe apamsewu a TIR ndi malonda odutsa malire: Polimbikitsa "Belt and Road", TIR mayendedwe apamsewu ndi malonda odutsa malire zakhala zosavuta. Mabizinesi aku China amagalimoto onyamula katundu akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mikhalidwe yabwinoyi kuti alimbikitse malonda ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa ndondomeko zamalonda zapadziko lonse kuti zisinthe panthawi yake njira zotumizira kunja ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mwayi wambiri wamalonda.
Nina akuti:
Pansi pa kulimbikitsa "Belt ndi Road" mu nthawi yatsopano, mayiko omwe akutukuka m'mphepete mwa misewu akugwira ntchito mwakhama pomanga zomangamanga, kusinthana kwachuma ndi malonda ndi zina. Izi sizimangopereka mwayi wamabizinesi ochulukirachulukira ku China magalimoto onyamula katundu, komanso zimapanga mikhalidwe yothandizana komanso zopambana zopambana m'maiko onse. Pochita izi, mabizinesi aku China amagalimoto olemera amayenera kuyenderana ndi mayendedwe a The Times, kukulitsa misika yakunja kwakunja, ndikuwongolera kukopa kwamtundu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kuganizira za zatsopano ndi kusintha kuti zigwirizane ndi zosowa za msika za mayiko ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
Pamsewu wopita kutsidya kwa nyanja, mabizinesi aku China amagalimoto olemera amayenera kulabadira kuphatikizika ndi chitukuko cha msika wakomweko. Ndikofunikira kukulitsa mgwirizano ndi mabizinesi am'deralo, kulimbikitsa kusinthana kwaukadaulo ndi maphunziro a anthu ogwira ntchito, ndikupeza phindu logwirizana ndikupambana-kupambana. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa kukwaniritsidwa kwa udindo wamagulu a anthu, kutenga nawo mbali pazochitika zachitukuko cha anthu, ndi kubwezera anthu ammudzi.
Pankhani ya "Belt and Road", magalimoto onyamula katundu ku China akukumana ndi mwayi ndi zovuta zomwe sizinachitikepo. Pokhapokha potsatira mayendedwe a The Times, kuyang'ana zaukadaulo ndi kukonza, komanso kulimbikitsa kuphatikiza ndi chitukuko ndi msika wakumalo komwe tingathe kukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika ndikuchita bwino kwambiri pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Tiyeni tiyembekezere mawa abwinoko otumiza magalimoto olemera aku China!
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-12-2023
